Biophysics 204B: Methods in Macromolecular Structure
Winter 2021 Syllabus

Course Title: Methods in Macromolecular Structure
Course Format: 6 hours of lecture/group work per week in class, substantial group work outside of class
Location and Date/Hours: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday - 9AM-11AM on The Zoom where it happens!
Prerequisites: All incoming first year BP and CCB graduate students are required to enroll in this course.
Grading: Letter grade
Textbook: None. Lab protocols and course materials will be available in class or online
Instructors: John Gross, Aashish Manglik, James Fraser
NMR guru: Ryan Tibble (Gross lab)
TAs:
Lecturers/Facilitators:
James Fraser, Yifan Cheng, Aashish Manglik, Robert Stroud, John Gross, Ryan Tibble, Tom Goddard, Cynthia Wolberger (JHU)
Background:
Fluency in multiple biophysical methods is often critical for answering mechanistic questions. Traditionally, students are exposed to the fundamentals of multiple techniques through lectures that cover the theory prior to exposure, for some, in analysis or data collection during lab rotations. However, this structure means that only students that rotate in specific labs gain hands-on-exposure, which could limit adventurous experiments in future years. To train the next generation of biophysicists at UCSF, we have decided to alter this traditional structure by creating “Macromolecular Methods”, a class that places emphasis on playing with data. Based on our experiences designing the project-based class Physical Underpinnings of Biological Systems, aka PUBS!, which used deep sequencing to assay the function of a comprehensive set of point mutants to introduce principles of high-throughput interrogation of biological functions, we have designed Macromolecular Methods to be a team-based class where students develop their own analysis of real data that, in non-pandemic years, they have collected.
Course Description:
This is a team-based class where students work in small groups develop their own analysis of real data. Statistical aspects of rigor and reproducibility in structural biology will be emphasized throughout lectures, journal club presentations, and hands-on activities. The website for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions are available online.
Ethics: This course is more than a training experience; it is an active research project whose results will be published to the broader scientific community. The community must be able to understand our work, replicate it, and have confidence in its findings. We must therefore ensure the integrity of the information we disseminate. To do so, it is essential that students perform and document their experiments and analyses as faithfully as possible. Mistakes and oversights are normal and to be expected, but they must not be ignored, concealed, or disguised. In addition, to merit authorship, students must contribute to three aspects of the project: intellectual conception or interpretation of the methods or data, technical execution of the experiments and/or analyses, and documentation or dissemination of the results. We fully expect that by actively participating in the course and working toward the course objectives, all students will merit authorship.
Respect: This course is built around an open research project performed in teams. Successful completion of the course objectives will require that students work together effectively, so please respect the time and effort of your classmates and instructors. Moreover, as part of the research process, we will consider and debate a variety of ideas and approaches; however, we must not allow our position on a particular idea or argument to compromise our respect for its author. We therefore expect course participants to give all instructors and students, regardless of academic or personal background, their complete professional respect; anything less will not be tolerated.
Accommodations for students with disabilities: The Graduate Division embraces all students, including students with documented disabilities. UCSF is committed to providing all students equal access to all of its programs, services, and activities. Student Disability Services (SDS) is the campus office that works with students who have disabilities to determine and coordinate reasonable accommodations. Students who have, or think they may have, a disability are invited to contact SDS (StudentDisability@ucsf.edu); or 415-476-6595) for a confidential discussion and to review the process for requesting accommodations in classroom and clinical settings. More information is available online at http://sds.ucsf.edu. Accommodations are never retroactive; therefore students are encouraged to register with Student Disability Services (http://sds.ucsf.edu/) as soon as they begin their programs. UCSF encourages students to engage in support seeking behavior via all of the resources available through Student Life, for consistent support and access to their programs.
Commitment to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: The course instructors and teaching assistants value the contributions, ideas and perspective of all students. It is our intent that students from diverse backgrounds be well-served by this course, that students’ learning needs be addressed both in and out of class, and that the diversity that the students bring to this class be viewed as a resource, strength and benefit. It is our intent to present materials and activities that are respectful of diversity: gender identity, sexuality, disability, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, nationality, religion, and culture. However, we also acknowledge that many of the literature examples used in this course were authored in an environment that marginalized many groups. Integrating a diverse set of experiences is important for a more comprehensive understanding of science and we strive towards that goal. Although the instructors are committed to continuous improvement of our practices and our learning environment, we value input from students and your suggestions are encouraged and appreciated. Please let the course director or program leadership know ways to improve the effectiveness of the course for you personally, or for other students or student groups. (modeled after CCB and Brown University’s Diversity & Inclusion Syllabus Statements)
2021 schedule
- Team Just: TA - Hersh: Jayso’n Davidson, Kevin (Chuankai) Nie, Daphne Chen, Lieza Chan, Jesus Madrigal
- Team Amos: TA - Hersh: Paul Burroughs, Kyle Anderson, Leo Chen, Dominic Grisingher, Siyi Wang
- Team Cintrón: TA - Matthew: Benjamin Orr, Andrew Alamban, Upneet Kaur, Grant Burley, Berliza Soriano
- Team Goeppert Mayer: TA - Matthew: Kaan Kumru, Alina Arzamassky, Hailey Wallace, Jose Montano, Seth Vigneron
- Team Daly: TA - Jacqueline: Linh Tram, Maxine Bi, Arka Rao, Patrick Zager, Brian Wang
- Team Yonath: TA - Jacqueline: Rian Kormos, Simone Harrison, Virginia Garda, Johanna Virta
Feb 16/17 - Class intro
Tuesday February 16
- Welcome: structure of the class, zoom norms, teams and work-together recommendations, relationship to Macro mini-quals, final presentations for this class (JF)
- Why structural biology/Intro to Pchem (JG)
- FFT 101 (JF)
- Waves: amplitude/intensity, phase, frequency/wavelength (and in multiple dimensions: direction/index)
- How to sum sine waves together: weights/amplitude - can make any periodic function!
- Intuitively decomposing a complex function into sine waves (Fourier transform!)
- Resolution: start thinking about 3D objects like an X-ray or EM map, building intuition of more waves measured giving higher resolution
- Building up the MTZ (index = frequency and direction, amplitude/intensity, phase) and the concept of Nyquist frequency (why pixel size, changing values across pixels, and maximum resolution are related in EM)
- interactive website used in class for demo
- Aeronabs and What Aashish’s miniquals might look like (AM)
Wednesday February 17
- Equity in structural biology - who is in the room, who has access to instrumentation, and who gets credit. (JF)
- Before class, watch the first 14 minutes of this video for the history of Rosalind Franklin (stop when Cynthia Wolberger starts her lecture!)
- Guest lecture on Rosalind Franklin’s Scientific Legacy by Prof. Cynthia Wolberger of Johns Hopkins
- Software check and install
- ChimeraX tutorial by Tom Goddard
Feb 22-24 - CryoEM - Lectures Yifan Cheng, Tutorials James Fraser
Monday February 22
Lecture 1 from Yifan Cheng
Tutorial 1:
- Connecting to AWS - Thanks to Amazon Web Services Educate for computing credits
- cisTEM GUI and importing images (300kV, 2.7mm, 0.834 A/pix)
- CTF (fit res better than 4A)
- particle picking (150, 120, 2)
- Symmetry (C1 vs. C3)
- 2D classifications (box size 512)
Tuesday February 23
Lecture 2 from Yifan Cheng
Tutorial 2:
- Examining 2D classes
- Ab initio vs. starting 3D references (low pass filtered from 7KKK)
- 3D map refinement
Wednesday February 24
Lecture 3 from Yifan Cheng
Tutorial 3:
- Moving files off of AWS with scp
- 3D map classification
- map sharpening
- model refinement
- Expectations for presentations: decision tree, summary of results, comparisons within decisions/to published, conformational analysis of Nb and confidence in that assessment.
Reading on rigor and reproducibility in EM:
- cisTEM paper
- FSC and early example in EM
- half maps and Optimal Determination of Particle Orientation, Absolute Hand, and Contrast Loss in Single-particle Electron Cryomicroscopy
- Other Model and Map validation tools (a lot of overlap with X-ray tools but a few examples that don’t: phenix.mtriage, EMRinger)
Mar 1-3 - X-ray Crystallography - Lectures Bob Stroud, Tutorials Aashish Manglik
Monday March 1
Lecture 1 from Bob Stroud
Tutorial 1 : What’s the deal with the spots
- Examine diffraction data in adxv
- Use xia2 to process diffraction data
- Understand various metrics for data reduction
- What do we have at the end?
Tuesday March 2
Lecture 2 from Bob Stroud
Tutorial 2: Molecular Replacement
- Prepare a model from a different nanobody for phasing by molecular replacement
- Run Phaser, analyze output in Coot
- Use the mNb6 itself to solve the structure
Wednesday March 3
Lecture 3 from Bob Stroud
Tutorial 3: Model refinement
- Manual model building in Coot
- Reciprocal space refinement in Phenix
- Rfree and what that means
- Molprobity to assess structure
- B factors and what they might mean
- Ensemble refinement
- Coot tutorial video
Reading on rigor and reproducibility in Crystallography:
- R-free
- MolProbity
- Data Challenges and synthetic data
- Protein crystallography for non‐crystallographers, or how to get the best (but not more) from published macromolecular structures
Mar 8-10 - NMR - Lectures John Gross, Tutorials Ryan Tibble
Monday March 8
Lecture 1 from John Gross, Introduction to multidimensional NMR
- Process HSQC spectra of Nanobody-Spike RBD complexes
- from FID to 2D (Ryan Tibble and John Gross)
- Supplemental reading: How does an HSQC work?
Tuesday March 9
Lecture 2 from John Gross, Introduction to chemical shift perturbation mapping
- Overlay HSQCs using Sparky; generate peak lists for CSP analyses
- Intro to Sparky
- Common Sparky Commands
Wednesday March 10
Lecture 3 from John Gross, Introduction to Dynamic NMR
- Analyze CSPs to infer dynamics and binding modes of Nanobody-Spike RBD complexes
- chemical shift perturbation plot versus primary sequence; mapping onto structure, CSPs from Sparky Lists
- Sparky Integration Tutorial
Reading on rigor and reproducibility in NMR:
- Tools for validating NMR structures
- Q-scores
- Integrative modeling
- CSP mapping by NMR when resonance asignments of the bound state are unknown
Mar 15-16 - Work in teams
Monday March 15
- ChimeraX tutorial part II and Q/A by Tom Goddard
- James Lincoff (Grabe lab) on simulations of AeroNabs
Mar 17 - Final presentations
Presenting as a team, in 15 minutes (we will stop you at 15 minutes sharp!) tell us about the scientist your team is named after, what you did, what you learned, and what is one more experiment you’d like to do! Followed by 5 minutes of questions.
Email your slides to James Fraser by 8:30AM that morning!
Presentation times (an invididual zoom link will be emailed to you):
- 8:30-8:50: Team Amos
- 8:55-9:15: Team Cintrón
- 9:20-9:40: Team Daly
- 9:45-10:05: Team Goeppert Mayer
- 10:10-10:30: Team Just
- 10:35-10:55: Team Yonath
After March 17
self schedule Macro mini-quals with 2 faculty (in consultation with your TAs who will report the grades back to Oren)
Supplemental material and tutorial videos
- Getting started in CryoEM - Grant Jensen lectures
- LMB EM Course
- LMB X-ray Course
- Thorn lab crystallography
- X-ray crystallography lecture - George Phillips
- Crystallographic Symmetry - Eddie Snell
- X-ray Diffraction Physics - Bob Blessing
- X-ray diffraction resources
- Protein Dynamics by NMR- Dorothee Kern
- Ligand binding and drug design-Dorothee Kern
- NMR Theory Course , James Keeler